Why was the war department renamed to department of defense? Seems as if they got the idea from George Orwell's 1984 newspeak, giving ministries misleading titles. Since changing the name, the US military has waged more offensive campaigns than before and not even in the name of defense. I joined because I had no other means of making money where I live and they made promises of paying for college, I joine the Military Police as they offered me a substantial bonus and told me I would only do police duties and not see combat. That was fiction of course, but by the time I found that out I was in a combat support MP unit. I will not kill another person, so I share your pacifism. Have you ever read the book Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau? Personally, I would like to see the military budget slashed so we might invest in real advancement in education, health and scientific advancement. If something like Starfleet existed, I would be the first in line to join that.
Indeed, the "Department of Defence" is a laughable name, all things considered. Also I agree with your stance on the military budget being used to fund more worthwhile areas.
No, I haven't read the essay, but I've downloaded A PDF of it to read soon.
If Gandhi and his followers stood in the way of Hitler's, Hitler's would have won. I wouldn't join any kind of military because it's not in me to harm another person, but evil must be confronted with force. Sometimes reason and good intentions aren't enough. As for women in the military, read my post above.
If "Gandhi and his followers" had been in the German army and refused to use violence
in the first place then there couldn't have been a war. People in armies are innocent people following orders (generally speaking), in fighting army against army it is innocent people being killed. You want to use force against evil? By all means, attack the source of evil, not the innocent order-followers.
Of course, this is an idealist stance, and not one I believe will occur (or indeed is possible to occur in a world such as this), but nonetheless...