There are some good photography magazines out there explaining the fundamentals of photography. Also there are on line tutorials about many things. I like Canon cameras, a 600d will give good results. I have a 7d myself.
You probably also need to find out what sort of photography is involved in the project. Wildlife, portrait, landscape, sports. This will influence what sort of lenses you will need.
Personally, the most important things to learn, are the relationship between aperture (f-stop), exposure, depth of field and how to focus. I think focus is the most fundamental thing to get right in a photo.
Photo raw is an great option to do some post processing of photos in editing software such as Lightroom and Photoshop.